You Don't Need 20% Down!

You don't need 20% down! Sure, it's nice, but it's not necessary. In my blog entry of last week, I promised that we'd blow the 5 greatest mortgage myths of all time out of the water. Today we're going to take the first one head-on, the idea of needing a 20% down payment before you can purchase a home. Simply put, it's just not true. It was true - a long time ago - but no more. Here's a short history on mortgages and mortgage insurance, so that everyone understands what it is, and why it exists.
In the mid-to-late 19th century, most of the U.S. population did not own homes. The "average Joe" just simply couldn't afford to buy one. The banks said you had to put 50% down, finance the balance over a 10 year term, and pay off the entire balance at the end of the 5th year. So if you were able to compile a 50% down payment, but not fortunate enough to pay off the balance in 60 months, you were constantly having to refinance your mortgage every 5 years. This was quite common in those times prior to the existence of mortgage insurance. Mortgage insurance is what makes lenders comfortable with low and/or no down payment mortgage loans, because if a homeowner defaults on their loan, the mortgage insurance company helps to make the lender whole.
Mortgage insurance began in the U.S. in the 1880s, and the first law on it was passed in New York in 1904. Then the U.S. went through World War I. Afterward there were a large number of service people returning to their homes with marketable skills, but they hadn't been in the work force long enough to save up a large down payment or develop credit histories that were acceptable to traditional banks. The mortgage insurance industry grew in response to the 1920s real estate bubble and went virtually bankrupt after the Great Depression. So from 1933-1956 commercial mortgage insurance wasn't available in the U.S. No PMI companies even existed until it was authorized again in 1956, when a law was passed, and Mortgage Guaranty Insurance Corporation (MGIC) was chartered. This was followed by a California law in 1961 which would become the standard for other states' mortgage insurance laws. Eventually the National Association of Insurance Commissioners created a model law.
The Federal Housing Administration (FHA) was conceived in 1934. And within 4 years of that time, homebuyers could purchase a home, using an FHA loan, with only 10% down. Today you can purchase a home with an FHA loan with as little as 3.5% down payment. Doing this you would have what is called the Upfront Mortgage Insurance Premium (UFMIP), which is usually financed into the loan amount, as well as a monthly mortgage insurance premium.
Later the U.S. went through World War II, during which the VA mortgage loan program was begun in 1944. Having undergone several updates of down payment requirements, maximum loan terms, and maximum loan guarantee, today a person can purchase a home with absolutely no down payment. The borrower(s) will pay a VA Funding Fee, which can be financed into the loan amount, unless he/she/they is/are exempted from it, according to their Certificate of Eligibility. And there is absolutely no mortgage insurance at all.
Later, of course, the U.S. went through the Korean and Vietnam conflicts. And again as in the past, a large number of service people returned home with marketable skills, but not enough time in the work force to save large down payments or develop credit histories sufficient for low or no down payment mortgages with conventional lenders.
So PMI companies developed mortgage insurance programs, first to insure mortgage loans for people who made 10% down payments. Due to growing demand and increasing home prices, they later developed programs for people who made 5% down payments. Later still, 3% down, and even 0 down payment conventional loans were made available. So if you want to purchase a home, mortgage insurance truly isn't the "elephant in the room" that it's often made out to be.
If you can afford to buy a home with a smaller down payment and a higher monthly payment, you can certainly do so. In fact, simple math will prove that if you can do so, you are much wiser to do so as soon as you are able, rather than waiting until you save 20%. And if you'd like to go over that, just contact me directly, and I'll be happy to illustrate it for you.
Be sure and watch for next week's blog. You know that down payment you're saving for? Well, you can get down payment assistance on many mortgage loans across the country!
